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Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. He brought hope as he promised prompt, vigorous action, and asserted in his Inaugural Address, "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself." Born in 1882 at Hyde Park, New York--now a national historic site--he attended Harvard University and Columbia Law School. On St. Patrick's Day, 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt. Following the example of his fifth cousin, President Theodore Roosevelt, whom he greatly admired, Franklin D. Roosevelt entered public service through politics, but as a Democrat. He won election to the New York Senate in 1910. President Wilson appointed him Assistant Secretary of the Navy, and he was the Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1920. In 1928 Roosevelt became Governor of New York. He was elected President in November 1932, to the first of four terms. By March there were 13,000,000 unemployed, and almost every bank was closed. In his first "hundred days," he proposed, and Congress enacted, a sweeping program to bring recovery to business and agriculture, relief to the unemployed and to those in danger of losing farms and homes, and reform, especially through the establishment of the Tennessee Valley Authority. By 1935 the Nation had achieved some measure of recovery, but businessmen and bankers were turning more and more against Roosevelt's New Deal program. They feared his experiments, were appalled because he had taken the Nation off the gold standard and allowed deficits in the budget, and disliked the concessions to labor. Roosevelt responded with a new program of reform: Social Security, heavier taxes on the wealthy, new controls over banks and public utilities, and an enormous work relief program for the unemployed. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, Roosevelt directed organization of the Nation's manpower and resources for global war. Feeling that the future peace of the world would depend upon relations between the United States and Russia, he devoted much thought to the planning of a United Nations, in which, he hoped, international difficulties could be settled. As the war drew to a close, Roosevelt's health deteriorated, and on April 12, 1945, while at Warm Springs, Georgia, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage.

Daniel E. Lieberman received a PhD in 1993 at Harvard University where he is now professor of anthropology.

Scott Ollinger earned a Bachelor's degree in Ecology and Environmental Science from Purchase College in 1989 and Master's and Ph.D. degrees in Natural Resources from the University of New Hampshire in 1992 and 2000. Prior to joining the EOS/CSRC faculty, he served as a Research Scientist in Complex Systems Research Center from 1995 to 2000. His research interests span a variety of topics within the fields of ecology and biogeochemistry including carbon and nitrogen cycling, forest productivity and succession, plant-soil interactions, remote sensing, ecosystem modeling and the effects of multiple environmental stressors on forests. He is currently active in several research projects that involve a combination of field studies and modeling.

Born in Plymouth, Vermont, on July 4, 1872, Coolidge was the son of a village storekeeper. He was graduated from Amherst College with honors, and entered law and politics in Northampton, Massachusetts. Slowly, methodically, he went up the political ladder from councilman in Northampton to Governor of Massachusetts, as a Republican. En route he became thoroughly conservative. As President, Coolidge demonstrated his determination to preserve the old moral and economic precepts amid the material prosperity which many Americans were enjoying. He refused to use Federal economic power to check the growing boom or to ameliorate the depressed condition of agriculture and certain industries. His first message to Congress in December 1923 called for isolation in foreign policy, and for tax cuts, economy, and limited aid to farmers. He rapidly became popular. In 1924, as the beneficiary of what was becoming known as "Coolidge prosperity," he polled more than 54 percent of the popular vote.

Jay Kaufman has served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives since January 1995 and now chairs the legislature's Committee on Revenue. He had, for two terms, chaired the Committee on Public Service and led the effort to develop and pass major pension reform initiatives. His primary legislative interests are education, health care, campaign reform, environmental protection, and social and economic justice. He led the fight to pass and implement the state's campaign finance reform law, and has chaired special task forces on medical records privacy, the social and ethical implications of genetic technology, and alternatives to property taxes to fund public schools. During his freshman term, he broke a six-year logjam to win passage of the Rivers Act, a major environmental protection bill. He is currently leading the effort to pass the Act for Healthy Massachusetts, a bill that would encourage the substitution of safer alternatives to commonly-used toxic chemicals. He has sponsored legislation aimed at tax fairness and has consistently secured major budget increases for METCO, the state's premier racial desegregation program. His monthly *Open House* public policy forum, now in its fourteenth season, has been recognized with the prestigious Beacon Award as the nation's best televised government relations series. Jay was appointed founding director of Northeastern University's new center for Leadership and Public Life where he now teaches and leads leadership development workshops for those in or aspiring to public life.

Armand Nicholi is a practicing psychiatrist, Harvard University professor and author of *The Question of God: C.S. Lewis and Sigmund Freud Debate God, Love, Sex, and the Meaning of Life*.

Gillian Gill, who holds a PhD in modern French literature from Cambridge University, has taught at Northeastern, Wellesley, Yale, and Harvard. She is the author of Nightingales: The Extraordinary Upbringing and Curious Life of Miss Florence Nightingale, Agatha Christie: The Woman and Her Mysteries, and Mary Baker Eddy. She lives in suburban Boston.

Pianist Lois Shapiro conjures enchantment and produces and inspires musical magic, notes *The Boston Globe*. A New York Concert Artists Guild Award winner and highly sought-after soloist and collaborative pianist, she has appeared throughout the U.S. and abroad in concerts ranging from 18th-century period-instrument performances to premieres. Shapiro has recorded on Afka, Channel Classics, Centaur, MLAR, and Pierrot. She teaches at Wellesley College and at the Longy School of Music. As an expression of her abiding interest in inspiring young people, Ms. Shapiro has created, in collaboration with the Longy School of Music Dalcroze Department, engaging and highly popular family programs in which she has performed as narrator and pianist. She holds degrees from Peabody Institute and the Yale School of Music.

Lawrence Rosenwald, Professor of English at Wellesley College, joined the Wellesley faculty in 1980. From 1993 to 1997 he was the Whitehead Associate Professorship in Critical Thought. In 1997, he became the Anne Pierce Rogers Professor of American Literature. Before his arrival, he had been a Harper Fellow at the University of Chicago (1978-80), and an Adjunct Lecturer at Lehman College (1973-77). He received his B.A. (1970), M.A. (1971) and Ph.D. (1979) from Columbia University. Professor Rosenwald's chief intellectual interests include American literature, especially the American literary representation of language and dialect contact; the theory and practice of translation; the relations between words and music; early music theater; and pacifism and nonviolence. *Scripture and Translation*, his translation of Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig's Die Schrift und ihre Verdeutschung, was published by Indiana University Press in 1994; his *Emerson and the Art of the Diary* was published by Oxford University Press in 1988. Among his more recent publications are "On Not Reading in Translation", in *Antioch Review*; "Orwell, Pacifism, Pacifists" in *Thomas Cushman and John Rodden ed*., *George Orwell Into the 21st Century*, published by Paradigm Press; and "American Anglophone Literature and Multilingual America," in *Werner Sollors ed.*, *Multilingual America*, published by New York University Press. Forthcoming is a translation of *Lamed Shapiros Nuyorkish*; ongoing projects include a book on American literature and multilingual America, and an essay on pacifism.

A seasoned performer on the international touring circuit, and having played over one thousand concerts as a founding member of the Naumburg Award-winning Muir String Quartet, Bayla Keyes currently concertises throughout America as recitalist, as soloist with orchestras, and as a member of the contemporary music ensemble Boston Musica Viva and the acclaimed piano trio, Triple Helix. With degrees from Curtis Institute and Yale University and her first professional experience with Music from Marlboro, Keyes naturally extends her musical commitment to education. She is currently Professor of Violin at Boston University and Artistic Director of both the Interlochen Chamber Music Conference and the Boston University Tanglewood Institute String Quartet Seminar. Her piano trio, Triple Helix, is in residence at Wellesley College, where their series of Beethoven concerts garnered them the accolade of Musicians of the Year 2002 from *the Boston Globe*. Their recently released CD *A Sense of Place* was mentioned as Best of North America, December 2004 by *Gramophone Magazine*. Keyes has recorded for Video Artists International, Ecoclassics, CRI, Musical Heritage, EMI-France, Sony, Koch, Bridge, MRS and New World Records. She plays a Gennarius Gagliano made in 1740.