Lawrence H. Summers is Charles W. Eliot University Professor. He served as the 27th president of Harvard University from July 2001 until June 2006. From 1999 to 2001 he served as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury following his earlier service as Deputy and Under Secretary of the Treasury and as Chief Economist of the World Bank. Prior to his service in Washington, Summers was a professor of economics at Harvard and MIT. His research contributions were recognized when he received the John Bates Clark Medal, given every two years to the outstanding American economist under the age of 40, and when he was the first social scientist to receive the National Science Foundations Alan T. Waterman Award for outstanding scientific achievement. He is a member of the National Academy of Science. He received his BS from MIT and his PhD in economics from Harvard. Among his other activities, Lawrence Summers writes a monthly column for the *Financial Times*, coedits *the Brookings Papers on Economic Activity*, and serves as a managing director of D. E. Shaw, a major alternative investment firm. He also serves on a number of not-for-profit and for-profit boards. He is on leave in 2009-10 in government service as Director of the National Economic Council.

Gil G. Noam is the Founder and Director of the Program in Education, Afterschool & Resiliency (PEAR) and an Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital. Trained as a clinical and developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst in both Europe and the United States, Dr. Noam has a strong interest in supporting resilience in youth, especially in educational settings. He served as the director of the Risk and Prevention program, and is the founder of the RALLY Prevention Program, a Boston-based intervention that bridges social and academic support in school, afterschool, and community settings. Since the establishment of PEAR, Dr. Noam and his team have been contributing to the effort to establish the field of afterschool education. Dr. Noam has published over 200 papers, articles, and books in the areas of child and adolescent development as well as risk and resiliency in clinical, school and afterschool settings. He has become the editor-in-chief of the journal *New Directions in Youth Development: Theory, Practice and Research*, which has a strong focus on out-of-school time.

Ian is a leading education and policy adviser who was recently appointed Deputy Chief Executive of the British Council for School Environments. Formerly the director of Big Picture consultancy and head of policy for the extended schools charity ContinYou, he has been involved in national policy development, social innovation projects and developing leadership and change in the field of education and children's services. With 10 years experience in the voluntary sector, he has led a number of high profile projects for the National College for School Leadership, written publications and resources for the Department for Children, Schools and Families and Welsh Assembly Government, led innovative consultancy projects such as Every Special School Matters and spoken at a number of conferences and seminars in the UK and USA, including the Learning with Excitement Conference at Harvard University.

Karen Pittman is the Executive Director of the Forum for Youth Investment in Washington, DC. She is a sociologist and recognized leader in youth development.