Esho Joseph at a hunting club in Basra, where he used to translate for regime officials. Now, a local branch of a pro-democracy party operates out of the club.

After eight years translating for Saddam Hussein, Esho Joseph fled the country. Despite his status, he was warned he was marked for execution. Esho and his wife defected. For 12 years, he waited for the chance to return as a free man to Iraq. Last fall, NPR's Jacki Lyden accompanied him on the trip home.

In the early 1980s, Iraq's Ministry of Information and Culture began educating selected men as simultaneous interpreters. Only a handful of men did this in English for the inner circle around Saddam Hussein and his top government officials. Esho Joseph was one of them. For eight years, he translated for Saddam and other high-ranking officials. Despite his status, he was a target of abuse and harassment by Saddam's security forces.

Not long after NPR's Jacki Lyden met Joseph in Baghdad in 1991, he fled the country. Joseph had been warned that he was marked for execution, so in August of that year, Joseph took his wife and drove over the border to defect to Jordan. He left behind his family, colleagues and country.

Since 1992, he's lived in the United States and teaches Arabic at the Defense Languages Institute in California. He had always hoped to return to an Iraq free of Saddam Hussein, and in November of last year, he did. Lyden accompanied him on his journey back. They visited sites of his torture in Baghdad, his birthplace in the north, and his family.

Stopping by his mother's grave in a Baghdad cemetery, Joseph fulfilled a vow he'd made when he left to confront the demons who gave him what he called a bitter life. Joseph says life is sweeter in the United States, but his children won't speak his native language -- Chaldean -- or grow up with their cousins speaking a common language. Joseph says the cost of his freedom was the loss of a culture. His most ardent hope is that his former countrymen won't have to make that choice.

Produced by Julia Buckley.

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